Gravitational energy
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Gravitational Energy
Observers at rest in a stationary spacetime flat at infinity can measure small amounts of rest-mass+internal energies+kinetic energies+pressure energy in a small volume of fluid attached to a local inertial frame. The sum of these small amounts is the total “matter energy” EM for those observers. If Mc 2 is the total mass-energy, the difference Mc − EM is the binding gravitational energy. Misne...
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Abstract. A dynamically preferred quasi-local definition of gravitational energy is given in terms of the Hamiltonian of a ‘2+2’ formulation of general relativity. The energy is well-defined for any compact orientable spatial 2-surface, and depends on the fundamental forms only. The energy is zero for any surface in flat spacetime, and reduces to the Hawking mass in the absence of shear and twi...
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Due to Lorentz invariance of General Relativity gravitational interaction is limited to the speed of light. Thus for particles, moving within a matter field, retardation leads to loss of energy by emission of gravitational radiation. This ’gravitomagnetic’ effect, applied to motion in homogeneous mass filled space, acts like a viscous force, slowing down every motion in the universe on the Hubb...
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We show that Einstein’s gravitational field has zero energy, momentum, and stress. This conclusion follows directly from the gravitational field equations, in conjunction with the differential law of energy-momentum conservation T ;ν = 0. Einstein rejected this conservation law despite the fact that it is generally covariant. We trace his rejection to a misapplication of Gauss’ divergence formu...
متن کاملGravitational energy in stationary spacetimes
Static observers remain on Killing-vector world lines and measure the rest-mass+kinetic energies of particles moving past them, and the flux of that mechanical energy through space and time. The total mechanical energy is the total flux through a spacelike cut at one time. The difference between the total mass-energy and the total mechanical energy is the total gravitational energy, which we pr...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Classical and Quantum Gravity
سال: 2005
ISSN: 0264-9381,1361-6382
DOI: 10.1088/0264-9381/22/23/016